Effects of crab–halophytic plant interactions on creek growth in a S.W. Atlantic salt marsh: A Cellular Automata model     

Darío R. Minkoff  Mauricio Escapa  Flix E. Ferramola  Silvio D. Maraschín  Jorge O. Pierini  Gerardo M.E. Perillo  Claudio Delrieux 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,69(3-4):403

The Bahía Blanca Estuary (38° 50′ S, and 62° 30′ W) presents salt marshes where interactions between the local flora (Sarcocornia perennis) and fauna (Chasmagnathus granulatus) generate some kind of salt pans that alter the normal water circulation and condition its flow and course towards tidal creeks. The crab–vegetation dynamics in the salt marsh presents variations that cannot be quantified in a reasonable period of time. The interaction between S. perennis plant and C. granulatus crab is based on simple laws, but its result is a complex biological mechanism that causes an erosive process on the salt marsh and favors the formation of tidal creeks. To study it, a Cellular Automata model is proposed, based on the laws deduced from the observation of these phenomena in the field, and then verified with measurable data within macroscale time units. Therefore, the objective of this article is to model how the interaction between C. granulatus and S. perennis modifies the landscape of the salt marsh and influences the path of tidal creeks. The model copies the basic laws that rule the problem based on purely biological factors.The Cellular Automata model proved capable of reproducing the effects of the interaction between plants and crabs in the salt marsh. A study of the water drainage of the basins showed that this interaction does indeed modify the development of tidal creeks. Model dynamics would likewise follow different laws, which would provide a different formula for the probability of patch dilation. The patch shape can be obtained changing the pattern that dilates.  相似文献   

基于土地适宜性评价与元胞自动机模型的城市开发边界划定方法     

李焰  梁美丽 《北京测绘》2021,35(2):222-229

城市开发边界的划定可以在一定程度上引导城市空间的良性扩张。为了研究边界划定的方法,以我国某港口城市作为研究区域,在空间增长模拟的方向进行探索。研究中借助土地适宜性评价和元胞自动机边界工具,构建既符合生态资源环境要求又符合城市发展需要的边界划定,同时,为了实现城市用地健康和动态管控举措,提出了建立健全土地用地管理机制的要求。  相似文献   

A way to synchronize models with seismic faults for earthquake forecasting: Insights from a simple stochastic model     

lvaro Gonzlez  Miguel Vzquez-Prada  Javier B. Gmez  Amalio F. Pacheco 《Tectonophysics》2006,424(3-4):319

Numerical models are starting to be used for determining the future behaviour of seismic faults and fault networks. Their final goal would be to forecast future large earthquakes. In order to use them for this task, it is necessary to synchronize each model with the current status of the actual fault or fault network it simulates (just as, for example, meteorologists synchronize their models with the atmosphere by incorporating current atmospheric data in them). However, lithospheric dynamics is largely unobservable: important parameters cannot (or can rarely) be measured in Nature. Earthquakes, though, provide indirect but measurable clues of the stress and strain status in the lithosphere, which should be helpful for the synchronization of the models.The rupture area is one of the measurable parameters of earthquakes. Here we explore how it can be used to at least synchronize fault models between themselves and forecast synthetic earthquakes. Our purpose here is to forecast synthetic earthquakes in a simple but stochastic (random) fault model. By imposing the rupture area of the synthetic earthquakes of this model on other models, the latter become partially synchronized with the first one. We use these partially synchronized models to successfully forecast most of the largest earthquakes generated by the first model. This forecasting strategy outperforms others that only take into account the earthquake series. Our results suggest that probably a good way to synchronize more detailed models with real faults is to force them to reproduce the sequence of previous earthquake ruptures on the faults. This hypothesis could be tested in the future with more detailed models and actual seismic data.  相似文献   

Cellular automata as analysis and synthesis engines at the geomorphology–ecology interface     

Mark A. Fonstad   《Geomorphology》2006,77(3-4):217

The linkages between ecology and geomorphology can be difficult to identify because of physical complexity and the limitations of the current theoretical representations in these two fields of study. Deep divisions between these disciplines are manifest in the methods used to simulate process, such as rigidly physical-deterministic methods for many aspects of geomorphology compared with purely stochastic simulations in many models of change in landcover. Practical and theoretical research into ecology–geomorphology linkages cannot wait for a single simulation schema which may never come; as a result, studies of these linkages often appear disjointed and inconsistent.The grid-based simulation framework for cellular automata (CA) allows simultaneous use of competing schemas. CA use in general geographic studies has been primarily limited to urban simulations models of change for land cover, both highly stochastic and/or expert rule-based. In the last decade, however, methods for describing physically deterministic systems in the CA framework have become much more accurate. The possibility now exists to merge separate CA simulations of different environmental systems into unified “multiautomata” models. Because CAs allow transition rules that are deterministic, probabilistic, or expert rule-based, they can immediately incorporate the existing knowledge rules in ecology and geomorphology. The explicitly spatial nature of CA provides a map-like framework that should allow a simple and deeply rooted connection with the mapping traditions of the geosciences and ecological sciences.  相似文献   

Dual simulations of fluid flow and seismic wave propagation in a fractured network: effects of pore pressure on seismic signature   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Vlastos  E. Liu  I. G. Main  M. Schoenberg  C. Narteau  X. Y. Li  B. Maillot 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,166(2):825-838

  相似文献   

The application of cellular automata to the erosion of landforms     

Roger Smith 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1991,16(3):273-281

Two approaches to modelling surface erosion are described which can be used to explain the development of geomorphological features. The first approach uses non-linear wave theory and shows how surface gradient discontinuities can arise as the erosion of an initially smooth surface proceeds. For isotropic erosion, surface shapes may be predicted by a simple application of the Huyghens wavefront construction and Snell's law at media boundaries. A second approach uses a computational cellular method. The general shapes predicted by the computer simulations are shown to agree with those determined from the wave approach. The application of the cellular method to problems of geomorphological interest are discussed.  相似文献   

随机性细胞自动机的地震模拟的动力学含义   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

高原  刘昭军 《中国地震》1995,11(1):8-14

结合随机的能量输入和确定的能量损耗，本文用随机性细胞自动机(CA)进行了地震事件的数字模拟，并对事件进行了能量分维和时间序列的多重分形分析。初步结果表明，大量事件的能量-频次的统计分布可能遵从最经典的Gutenberg—Richter关系．不同的初始能量分布和不同的能量传递准则都对模型的输出产生影响，b值与模型参数的设置密切相关，地震现象本质上的复杂性可能是随机性与确定性的统一体现。  相似文献   

Embedding reach-scale fluvial dynamics within the CAESAR cellular automaton landscape evolution model   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

Marco J. Van De Wiel  Tom J. Coulthard  Mark G. Macklin  John Lewin 《Geomorphology》2007,90(3-4):283

We introduce a new computational model designed to simulate and investigate reach-scale alluvial dynamics within a landscape evolution model. The model is based on the cellular automaton concept, whereby the continued iteration of a series of local process ‘rules’ governs the behaviour of the entire system. The model is a modified version of the CAESAR landscape evolution model, which applies a suite of physically based rules to simulate the entrainment, transport and deposition of sediments. The CAESAR model has been altered to improve the representation of hydraulic and geomorphic processes in an alluvial environment. In-channel and overbank flow, sediment entrainment and deposition, suspended load and bed load transport, lateral erosion and bank failure have all been represented as local cellular automaton rules. Although these rules are relatively simple and straightforward, their combined and repeatedly iterated effect is such that complex, non-linear geomorphological response can be simulated within the model. Examples of such larger-scale, emergent responses include channel incision and aggradation, terrace formation, channel migration and river meandering, formation of meander cutoffs, and transitions between braided and single-thread channel patterns. In the current study, the model is illustrated on a reach of the River Teifi, near Lampeter, Wales, UK.  相似文献   

Reducing model complexity for explanation and prediction   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

A. Brad Murray   《Geomorphology》2007,90(3-4):178

Numerical models can be useful for explaining poorly understood phenomena or for reliable quantitative predictions. When modeling a multi-scale system, a ‘top-down’ approach—basing models on emergent variables and interactions, rather than explicitly on the much faster and smaller scale processes that give rise to them—facilitates both goals. Parameterizations representing emergent interactions range from highly simplified and abstracted to more quantitatively accurate. Empirically based large-scale parameterizations lead more reliably to accurate large-scale behavior than do parameterizations of much smaller scale processes. Conversely, purposefully simplified representations of model interactions can enhance a model's utility for explanation, clarifying the key feedbacks leading to an enigmatic behavior. For such potential insights to be relevant, the interactions in the model need to correspond to those in the ‘real’ system in some straightforward way. Such a correspondence usually holds for models constructed for predictive purposes, although this is not a requirement. The goals motivating a modeling endeavor help determine the most appropriate modeling strategies, as well as the most appropriate criteria for judging model usefulness.  相似文献   

格子玻尔兹曼方法及其在大气湍流研究中的应用     

程雪玲  胡非  赵松年  姜金华 《地球科学进展》2007,22(3):249-260

文章的目的是对格子玻尔兹曼方法进行系统的介绍，格子玻尔兹曼方法(Lattice Boltzmann Method)的出现直接来源于20世纪60年代的元胞自动机(Cellular Automata)思想，而这一方法用于解决流动现象时，又可以追溯到19世纪的分子运动论，求解的是Boltzmann提出的玻尔兹曼输运方程，因此将这一方法称为格子玻尔兹曼方法，之前也被称为格子气自动机(Lattice Gas Automaton)。该方法多用于研究复杂现象，如材料晶体凝聚时的生长过程、城市土地利用的演化等方面。在20世纪70年代由Hardy、Pomeau和Pazzis建立了第一个用于研究流体运动的格子气自动机，此后，这一方法被广泛用来模拟各种流动问题，诸如二相流、孔隙介质中的渗流等，并根据这一方法开发了相应的商业软件PowerFlow。同时，格子玻尔兹曼方法由于其在微观水平描述运动的特点，成为研究湍流的一个很好的数值计算工具，特别是用其进行直接数值模拟(DNS)计算，成为继传统的差分法、有限体积法和谱方法之后的又一有力的手段。而作为大气运动的一个主要现象的大气湍流，比普通湍流更加复杂，在这里着重介绍了大气湍流的特点和应用格子玻尔兹曼方法模拟湍流的发展过程。  相似文献